Re: OOC Thread VI
Let's see....
Zhang L, Richards A, Barrasa MI, Hughes SH, Young RA, Jaenisch R (May 2021). "Reverse-transcribed SARS-CoV-2 RNA can integrate into the genome of cultured human cells and can be expressed in patient-derived tissues". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 118 (21): e2105968118. doi:10.1073/pnas.2105968118. PMC 8166107. PMID 33958444.
This study shows that there is the possibility of Covid-19 genes being incorporated into the host DNA, but the researchers also state: "Because we have detected only subgenomic sequences derived mainly from the 3′ end of the viral genome integrated into the DNA of the host cell, infectious virus cannot be produced from the integrated subgenomic SARS-CoV-2 sequences."
Smits N, Rasmussen J, Bodea GO, Amarilla AA, Gerdes P, Sanchez-Luque FJ, et al. (August 2021). "No evidence of human genome integration of SARS-CoV-2 found by long-read DNA sequencing". Cell Reports. 36 (7): 109530. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109530. PMC 8316065. PMID 34380018.
A follow-up study to the above, this concluded: "That we find no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 integration suggests that such events are, at most, extremely rare in vivo and therefore are unlikely to drive oncogenesis or explain post-recovery detection of the virus."
Parry R, Gifford RJ, Lytras S, Ray SC, Coin LJ (August 2021). "No evidence of SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription and integration as the origin of chimeric transcripts in patient tissues". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 118 (33): e2109066118. doi:10.1073/pnas.2109066118. PMC 8379926. PMID 34344759.
"Finally, there is no evidence of coronaviruses ever having integrated into the germline of host species, as might be expected if retrotranscription and integration occurs in nature, as systematic screening of >750 animal species failed to identify any coronavirus-derived endogenous viral elements (7)."
Yan B, Chakravorty S, Mirabelli C, Wang L, Trujillo-Ochoa JL, Chauss D, et al. (July 2021). "Host-Virus Chimeric Events in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Cells Are Infrequent and Artifactual". Journal of Virology. 95 (15): e0029421. doi:10.1128/JVI.00294-21. PMC 8274596. PMID 33980601.
"In conclusion, our findings indicate that HVC events observed in RNA-sequencing libraries from SARS-CoV-2-infected cells are extremely rare and are likely artifacts arising from random template switching of reverse transcriptase and/or sequence alignment errors. Therefore, the observed HVC events do not support SARS-CoV-2 fusion to cellular genes and/or integration into human genomes."